The most significant animal invasions in Chernivtsi region (Ukraine): Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) and Arion lusitanicus sensu lato, and the formation of their secondary ranges

Abstract

Invasive species in ecosystems are a cause of their transformation, and in some cases, even degradation. With the aim of an in-depth study of the invasion of Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) and Arion lusitanicus sensu lato, we analyzed their global distribution, invasion in Ukraine, and the massive damage caused by these invasions. The chronology of their spread was studied using literature sources and international databases: Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories for Europe (DAISIE), and European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO). The history of the species' penetration into Ukraine and specifically into the Chernivtsi region was determined from literature sources, the National Biodiversity Information Network (UkrBIN) database, through surveys, and personal observations made via route surveys.